Table 7-3 will familiarize you with commonlyencountered bacteria. This table lists the bacteria’smorphologic shape, Gram stain response, genus andspecies, and the type of infection it produces.BACTERIOLOGIC METHODSThere are a variety of methods used in thelaboratory to identify bacteria. However, only a few ofthese bacteriologic methods can be performed inisolated duty locations or on board naval vessels. Oneof these methods is the smear. The smear permitshealthcare personnel to examine specimensmicroscopically. Material requirements and thestep-by-step procedures for making smears is coveredin the following sections.SmearA smear is the procedure in which a specimen–abody fluid or a discharge–is spread across a glass slidefor microscopic examination. To enhance thevisualization of microorganisms on the smear, Gramstaining (introduced earlier in this chapter) is used.Once the smear is stained, it is ready to be examinedunder the microscope. Normally, smears are examinedby laboratory technicians who prepare reports of theirfindings.MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR SMEAR.—Toperform a smear, the following materials are required:Glass slide7-27COMMON BACTERIAMorphologicShapeGram-Positive or-NegativeGenus & SpeciesType of InfectionStreptococcus pneumoniae PneumoniaPositiveStreptococcus pyogenes (BetaStreptococci Group A)Strep throatCocciStaphylococcus aureus Boils, furuncles, osteomyelitis,pneumonia, septicemia,endocarditis, and impetigoNeisseria gonorrhoeae GonorrheaNegative Neisseria meningitidis(meningococcus)MeningitisCorynebacteriumdiphtheriaeDiphtheriaBacilliPositiveClostridium(all are anaerobic andspore producers)perfringens (welchii)tetanibotulinumGas gangreneTetanusBotulismYersinia (Pasteurella) pestis Bubonic plagueNegative Brucella abortus BrucellosisBordetella pertussis Whooping coughTable 7-3.—Common Bacteria
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