that fits into the acetabulum. Two processes called thegreater and lesser trochanters are at the proximal endfor the attachment of muscles. The neck of the femur,located between the head and the trochanters, is the siteon the femur most frequently fractured. At the distalend are two bony prominences, called the lateral andmedial condyles, which articulate with the tibia andthe patella.Patella.—The patella is a small oval-shaped boneoverlying the knee joint. It is enclosed within thetendon of the quadriceps muscle of the thigh. Boneslike the patella that develop within a tendon are knownas sesamoid bones.Tibia.—The tibia, or shin bone, is the larger of thetwo leg bones and lies at the medial side. The proximalend articulates with the femur and the fibula. Its distalend articulates with the talus (one of the foot bones)and the fibula (fig. 1-25). A prominence easily felt onthe inner aspect of the ankle is called the medialmalleolus.Fibula.—The fibula, the smaller of the two legbones, is located on the lateral side of the leg, parallelto the tibia. The prominence at the distal end forms theouter ankle and is known as the lateral malleolus.Tarsus.—The tarsus, or ankle, is formed by seventarsal bones: medial cuneiform, intermediatecuneiform, lateral cuneiform, cuboid, navicular,talus, and calcaneus. The strongest of these is the heelbone, or calcaneus.Metatarsus.—The sole and instep of the foot iscalled the metatarsus and is made up of fivemetatarsal bones (fig. 1-25). They are similar inarrangement to the metacarpals of the hand.Phalanges.—The phalanges are the bones of thetoes and are similar in number, structure, andarrangement to the bones of the fingers.JOINTSLEARNING OBJECTIVE: Recognize jointclassifications and identify joint movements forthe key joints in the body.Wherever two or more bones meet, a joint isformed. A joint binds various parts of the skeletalsystem together and enables body parts to move inresponse to skeletal muscle contractions.JOINT CLASSIFICATIONSJoints are classified according to the amount ofmovement they permit (fig. 1-26). Joint classificationsare as follows:Immovable. Bones of the skull are an exampleof an immovable joint. Immovable joints arecharacterized by the bones being in close contact witheach other and little or no movement occurring betweenthe bones.Slightly movable. In slightly movable joints,the bones are held together by broad flattened disks ofcartilage and ligaments (e.g., vertebrae and symphysispubis).1-15HM3f0125METATARSUSTARSUSPHALANGESMETATARSALSMEDIALCUNEIFORMNAVICULARTALUSTIBIAFIBULACALCANEUSTALUSNAVICULARCUBOIDLATERALCUNEIFORMINTERMEDIATECUNEIFORMMEDIALCUNEIFORMPROXIMALPHALANXMIDDLEPHALANXDISTALPHALANXTARSALSMETATARSALSPHALANGESFigure 1-25.—The foot: A. Lateral view of foot; B. Right foot viewed from above.
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