communicable diseases affecting Navy and MarineCorps personnel.WATER SUPPLYA hygienically safe and continuously dependablewater supply is a necessity of life. Drinking watershould be free of disease-producing organisms,poisonous chemicals, as well as from objectionablecolor, odor, and taste. For more detailed instruction onthese topics, you should review the Manual of NavalPreventive Medicine, NAVMED P-5010.Water Supply AshoreWith rare exceptions, Navy and Marine Corpsactivities ashore within the continental limits of theUnited States are situated where a municipal watersupply is available. BUMEDINST 6240.1, Standardsfor Potable Water, sets drinking water standards forU.S. naval establishments worldwide, both ashore andafloat.Water Supply in the FieldHospital Corpsmen are frequently called upon toapprove field water sources and to recommenddisinfection methods before water is considered safe todrink. Consider water acquired in the field as unsafeuntil it has been disinfected and tested. Approval ofwater sources should be based on a thoroughsurveillance of available water sources.WATER QUANTITY REQUIREMENTS.—The daily water requirements for personnel in the fieldvary with a number of factors, including the season ofthe year, geographical location, and the tacticalsituation. Personnel who do not drink enough watercan quickly become dehydrated both in extremely hotor extremely cold climates.WATER TREATMENT.—Water treatment is theprocess of purifying water to make it potable (safe todrink). Various processes can be used to purify water.These processes include aeration, coagulation,flocculation, filtration, reverse osmosis, anddisinfection, all of which are discussed in depth inNAVMED P-5010.Water Supply AfloatPotable water for shipboard use comes from one ofseveral sources: the ship’s distillation plant,shore-to-ship delivery, or ship-to-ship transfer. Theship’s medical department is responsible fordetermining the quality of the water. The shipsengineering section determines the quantity stored orproduced, and performs the actual chlorination orbromination.Water TestingNaval vessels follow water testing requirementsand procedures outlined in the latest edition ofStandard Methods for the Examination of Water andWastewater, published by the American Public HealthAssociation (APHA), American Water WorksAssociation (AWWA), and the Water PollutionControl Federation (WPCF).Manufacture and Handling of IceMost ships and shore activities use ice machines tomake ice. To reduce bacterial growth, ice used aroundfood or in food or drink must be made from potablewater. All ice must be prepared in a sanitary mannerand afforded the same protection as potable water. Themedical departments aboard ships are required toinclude ice samples in any bacteriological analysesthey perform on water.WASTEWATER TREATMENT ANDDISPOSALWastewater is the spent water of a ship, base,industrial plant, or other activity. This spent watercontains wastes, such as soil, detergent, and sewage.The proper disposal of these waste materials is one ofthe most important measures for controllingwater-borne diseases, such as cholera and typhoidfever.Wastewater Treatment and DisposalSystems AshoreThe use of approved municipal or regionalwastewater collection and disposal systems is thepreferred method for disposing of wastes from shoreactivities. Accordingly, municipal or regionalwastewater disposal systems are used by Navy shoreactivities whenever feasible.Wastewater Treatment and DisposalSystems AfloatThe overboard discharge of untreated sewage fromDoD ships within the navigable waters of the United10-5
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