Hydrochlorothiazide (Esidnx, Oretic, Hydrodiuril)
ACTION AND USE.— Hydrochlorothiazide is used for edema associated with congestive heart failure and other edematous conditions. It is also used in the management of hypertension as the sole agent or in combination with other antihypertensive agents. It works by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the renal tubules.
USUAL DOSE.— For edema, give 25 to 200 mg daily. For hypertension, give 25 to 100 mg daily, depending on the patient’s response. In many cases, potassium supplements may be indicated.
Chlorthalidone (Hygroton)
ACTION AND USE.— This drug’s use is the same as hydrochlorothiazide.
USUAL DOSE.— Given as a single dose with food in the morning. For edema, give 100 mg daily or on alternate days, depending upon the patient. For hypertension, a dosage above 100 mg a day does not normally increase effectiveness. Supplemental potassium should be taken.
Furosemide (Lasix)
ACTION AND USE.— A potent diuretic, furosemide acts on the proximal and distal renal tubules and on the loop of Henle to promote diuresis by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride. It is indicated in the treatment of edema associated with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver, and renal disease. It is particularly useful when greater diuretic potential is desired and may be used in the treatment of hypertension alone or in combination with other anti hypertensive agents.
USUAL DOSE.— Dosage is individualized to the patient’s needs and responses. For edema, give 20 to 80 mg as a single dose. For hypertension, initially give 40 mg twice daily, which is adjusted according to response. Other hypertensive agents may be added. As blood pressure falls, reduce the dose. Supplemental potassium should be taken.
Acetazolamide (Diamox)
ACTION AND USE.— Although classified as a diuretic, the primary indication for this drug is the treatment of glaucoma to reduce intraocular pressure.
USUAL DOSE.— 250 mg to 1 g per day, usually in divided doses.
Triamterene and Hydrochlorothiazide (Dyazide)
ACTION AND USE.— This combination of a potassium sparing (Triamterene) and potassium depleting diuretic is often more effective than either drug alone. It has the same indications as hydrochlorothiazide.
USUAL DOSE.— 1 to 2 capsules twice daily after meals. Supplemental potassium is NOT generally indicated. NON-NARCOTIC ANALGESICS AND ANTIPYRETICS Analgesics are drugs that relieve pain without producing unconsciousness or impairing mental capacities. Many of these drugs also have an antipyretic and/or an anti-inflammatory effect. Antipyretics are drugs that lower increased body temperatures. Included in this group are the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories.
Aspirin (ASA, Cama, Ascriptin, Ecotrin, Easprin)
ACTION AND USE.— Aspirin is still the most economical analgesic, antipyretic, and antiinflammatory agent available. Some preparations have an antacid-type buffer to assist in the reduction of gastric irritation. It is an analgesic for mild to moderate pain and an effective antipyretic. Aspirin is also indicated for various inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, bursitis, etc.
USUAL DOSE.— For analgesic and antipyretic purposes, give 325 to 650 mg every 4 hours as needed. For anti-inflammatory purposes, give up to 5.2 g per day in divided doses with food or milk. NOTE: Aspirin is contraindicated in peptic ulcer disease. It acts as a gastric mucosal irritant and has an anticoagulant effect.
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
ACTION AND USE.— This drug is similar to aspirin, but it has no anti-inflammatory action. It is available as tablets, elixir, drops, or capsules and is useful in aspirin sensitive patients. 7-18